Melatonin and 5 - methoxytryptamine in non - metazoans Rüdiger Hardeland

نویسنده

  • Rüdiger Hardeland
چکیده

Melatonin seems to be an almost ubiquitous substance, which has been detected not only in metazoans, but also in all major non-metazoan taxa investigated, including bacteria, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, trypanosomids, fungi, rhodophyceans, pheophyceans, chlorophyceans and angiosperms. Despite its vast abundance, little is known to date about its functions. Its presence is not necessarily associated with circadian rhythmicity, which is evident in yeast. Circadian rhythms of melatonin have been reported in non-metazoans only for several unicellular organisms and in one angiosperm. In dinoflagellates, which have been studied in the most detail, the effects on enzyme activities and on phase shifting are known, but the most spectacular actions concerning the stimulation of bioluminescence, changes in cytoplasmic pH and induction of resting stages, can be related to a metabolite of melatonin, the 5-methoxytryptamine; therefore, melatonin should also be considered as a source of other agonists. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris algae / angiosperms / melatonin / 5-methoxytryptamine / protozoa Résumé ― Mélatonine et 5-méthoxytryptamine chez les non-métazoaires. La mélatonine semble être une substance très répandue qui a été détectée non seulement chez les métazoaires, mais aussi dans la majorité des taxa de non-métazoaires, ce qui inclut les bactéries, les dinoflagellés, les eugléniens, les trypanosomes, les champignons, les rhodophycées, les phéophycées, les chlorophycées et les angiospermes. Malgré cette grande abondance, ses fonctions sont très peu connues. Sa présence n’est pas nécessairement associée à une rythmicité circadienne, comme cela devient évident chez les levures. Des rythmes circadiens de mélatonine ont été décrits chez les non-métazoaires, mais uniquement chez quelques unicellulaires et chez une angiosperme. Chez les dinoflagellés, qui ont été étudiés plus en détail, les effets sur des activités enzymatiques et des décalages de phase sont connus, mais les actions les plus spectaculaires qui concernent la stimulation de la bioluminescence, les changements de pH cytoplasmique et l’induction des états de repos, peuvent être reliées au métabolite de la mélatonine, le 5-méthoxytryptamine ; la mélatonine doit donc être considérée comme une source d’autres agonistes. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris algue / angiospermes / mélatonine / 5-méthoxytryptamine / protozoaire E-mail: [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2007